正解：

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Explanation:
The procurement cycle is the heart of purchasing, sourcing and supplying and should be followed in day-to- day practice in the industry. The procurement cycle has thirteen stages. Contract award is stage 9, and the stages after the contract award are; Stage 10: ware house, logistic and receipt Stage 11: Contract performance review and continuous improvement Stage 12: SRM/SCM and contract management Stage 13: Asset management, lessons learned, end of life.

正解：

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Explanation:
4.4 Explain FIVE Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) considerations for TechSpark Global when developing its sourcing approach for the new mineral. (25 marks) When developing its sourcing approach for the new mineral, TechSpark Global (TSG) must consider ESG risks carefully because the supply base is mainly in countries where labour, environmental and safety issues are known to arise. This is especially important because TSG's brand is built on sustainable and ethical manufacturing and sourcing . OECD guidance for mineral supply chains says companies should use risk- based due diligence to identify, prevent and mitigate adverse impacts linked to mineral sourcing, while ISO
20400 says sustainability should be integrated into procurement decisions and processes.
1. Environmental damage from mining and processing
The first consideration is the environmental impact of extracting and processing the new mineral. The case already highlights possible environmental degradation, and this could include land damage, biodiversity loss, water pollution, waste generation and harmful emissions from mining and mineral processing. TSG should therefore assess whether suppliers have effective environmental controls, permits, remediation plans and monitoring systems in place. This matters because the final product may be marketed as eco-friendly, but that claim would be undermined if the raw material is sourced through environmentally harmful practices. OECD' s environmental due diligence guidance for mineral supply chains specifically addresses these kinds of environmental risks.
2. Labour rights and working conditions
The second consideration is labour standards across the supply chain. The case states that labour rights and conditions may be problematic in the source countries, so TSG should assess risks such as forced labour, child labour, excessive working hours, low wages, discrimination and unsafe working conditions. This is a major issue in mineral sourcing because OECD guidance identifies serious human rights abuses, including the worst forms of child labour and forced labour, as risks that companies should not tolerate or contribute to through their sourcing decisions. TSG should therefore require labour due diligence, supplier codes of conduct, audits and corrective action plans.
3. Health and safety in mines and processing plants
A third ESG consideration is worker health and safety. The case specifically mentions concerns about the safety regulations of mineral processing plants, which means TSG should assess whether mines and processors have adequate safety controls, training, equipment, emergency procedures and incident reporting.
This is important because poor health and safety standards can lead to injuries, fatalities, production disruption and severe reputational harm for TSG. In practice, if TSG ignores safety conditions at supplier sites, it could damage the company's ethical reputation even if the final product performs well. OECD responsible business conduct guidance covers human rights and labour-related harms in supply chains, including occupational risks that companies should address through due diligence.
4. Governance, transparency and anti-corruption
The fourth consideration is governance in the supply chain. In mineral sourcing, governance risks can include bribery, weak traceability, opaque intermediaries, financial crime and poor disclosure of source locations or business relationships. OECD's mineral guidance says companies should avoid contributing to conflict, serious human rights impacts and financial crime through their mineral sourcing practices. Therefore, TSG should build strong governance controls into its sourcing approach, such as supply chain traceability, supplier declarations, contract clauses, audits and escalation procedures. Good governance is essential because TSG operates across 80 markets, so any scandal involving corruption or opaque sourcing could quickly become a global brand issue.
5. Ongoing due diligence and supplier monitoring
The fifth consideration is that ESG should not be treated as a one-off supplier selection issue. TSG should develop an ongoing monitoring approach that includes risk assessment, supplier segmentation, performance reviews, grievance mechanisms and remediation where problems are found. OECD guidance for responsible business conduct says companies should carry out risk-based due diligence to assess and address actual and potential negative impacts in their operations, supply chains and business relationships. ISO 20400 also emphasises embedding sustainability throughout procurement rather than treating it as a separate issue. This is important for TSG because fast market growth could create pressure to source quickly, but that increases the risk of overlooking ESG failures unless monitoring is continuous.
Conclusion
In conclusion, TSG should consider five main ESG issues when sourcing the new mineral: environmental damage, labour rights, health and safety, governance and transparency, and ongoing due diligence and monitoring . These considerations are essential because the company's commercial opportunity depends not only on product performance, but also on maintaining its reputation for ethical and sustainable sourcing. A sourcing approach that ignores these ESG issues could expose TSG to reputational, legal and supply risks across multiple global markets.

正解：

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Explanation:
A purchase requisition should contain the following information
1) Date of the requisition
2) Description of what is required
3) Supplier if known
4) The quantity
5) when the need is required
6) why the need is required
7) who identified the need
8) who approved the need
9) if it's a re-buy

正解：

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Explanation:
Ones the need is understood, the procurement professional develops the specifications while working together with stakeholders and colleagues to ensure that the final design is fit for purposes that it meets the generated need.
Specification can be focus on performance or conformance.
Performance specification states what the product or service must do or how it should perform but leave the supplier the freedom to achieve this, however they wish.
Performance specification brings the following advantages; it allows supplier innovation, promote competition in the market place, shorter document, quick to prepare. The disadvantage of perfor-mance specification is that buyers may not know exactly what they will be getting.
Conformance specification gives clear instructions to the supplier about what is required and how it should be achieved. Examples of conformance specifications are chemical formulae, recipes and technical drawings.
Conformance specification specifies which standards a requirement must meet or exceed. The advantage of using it is; buyers know exactly what they will get. It has the following disadvantages; the buyer bears the risk, it does not encourage supplier to innovate, take longer and complex documentation.

正解：

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Explanation:
Data can be primary or secondary
Primary data are derived from original work or research through experience. Primary data can be gathered from the following sources; 1) Interview (2) survey (3) meetings (4) case studies.
Secondary data is derived from a previous source, i.e. somebody else has gathered the data. Sec-ondary data can be gained from; (1) Books (2) Websites, Trade magazines, etc